Adequate Research Infrastructures (RIs) are vital to effective science systems, innovation and supports the range of activities carried out in universities and Higher Education Institutions. Despite the progress made across the African continent in establishing and strengthening RIs, for example, through initiatives such as the African Centres of Excellence (ACE), gaps remain in the conceptualisation of what RIs are, categorisations, funding, policies, and regulatory frameworks needed to support continued development and improvements in RIs in Africa. To this end, this chapter generates new insights and makes several contributions to the 1) conceptual framing and categorisation of RIs to enhance the resilience of science systems in Africa; 2) practices, opportunities for impact, and policies and regulatory frameworks that deepen our knowledge and understanding of how RIs are understood within Africa’s science, research, and innovation ecosystems; 3) sustainability, governance and strategies needed to strengthen RIs in Africa; and 4) development of a framework for conceptualising, categorisation, and management RIs.