Fueled by digital technologies and driven by the ease of access, research across disciplines is experiencing unprecedented productivity, with scholars rapidly sharing outputs globally. Open science, encompassing open source, open data, and open access, is propelled by factors like the global pandemic and mandates for research transparency and output sharing. Aligned with principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, open science supports the democratization of knowledge by making research and data universally accessible. This chapter explores the benefits and challenges of open science, advocating for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable knowledge production and dissemination, particularly crucial for the growth and advancement of research and graduate education in developing African countries.