This paper reviews the microstructural properties of calcined and uncalcined laterite based-geopolymer binder systems. The properties such as X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TG), 29Si and 27Al Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR) spectroscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are reviewed in this work. The microstructural properties depend on the precursors/ aluminosilicate or starting materials used i.e. laterite, the molar ratio (Si/Al), curing time, curing temperature, alkaline activator types, water content, and the chemical and mineralogical composition of the precursors/ aluminosilicate or starting materials used i.e. laterite. The outcomes from this study revealed the formation of fayalite (FeSiO4) as newly formed phase within the geopolymer samples. This review also demonstrated that there is lack of study in microstructural properties such as DSC/TG, EDS, EPR, 29Si and 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy etc. on calcined and uncalcined laterite based-geopolymer binders. XRD studies showed that the main products of alkali activation of the calcined laterite are quartz, ilmenite, hematite and maghemite. Examination of SEM analysis revealed that the geopolymer samples cured at 80 ℃ showed a heterogeneous compact and dense structure resulting from high polycondensation.