Aquaculture has become a vital component of global food security, surpassing capture fisheries in production. However, the high cost of feed, which accounts for 50–70% of total production expenses, presents a significant barrier to the sector’s growth and sustainability. This chapter examines the latest advancements and innovations in aquaculture nutrition aimed at addressing these challenges. It highlights innovations in feed ingredients, such as improving the digestibility of fibrous materials, genetically optimizing forage crops, and incorporating alternative protein sources like black soldier fly larvae. Quality assessment technologies, such as near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and inline NIR, have revolutionized nutrient analysis, enabling precise and rapid ingredient evaluation. Feed formulation has evolved beyond traditional least-cost methods to multiobjective strategies that simultaneously consider economic viability, nutritional adequacy, and environmental sustainability. Tools like Feednetics and mathematical modeling now enable data-driven feed formulation tailored to specific fish species and growth stages. Technological innovations extend to feed manufacturing, with automated control systems progressing toward fully autonomous “lights-out” production. Smart feeding technologies represent a significant leap forward, utilizing advanced sensors, computer vision, and machine learning to optimize feed delivery by analyzing fish behavior, biomass, and environmental parameters in real time. By incorporating these transformative technologies, the aquaculture industry is better equipped to reduce feed costs, enhance fish health and growth, lower environmental impacts, and support the sustainable expansion of global food production. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of these groundbreaking advancements, highlighting their role in shaping the future of aquaculture nutrition.