The world’s population is projected to exceed 9 billion by the year 2050, leading to a 70% surge in global demand for food, feed, and fiber. This growth will be accompanied by significant shifts in lifestyle and consumption patterns, primarily due to increasing urbanization. Aquaculture, with a long history, is a significant contributor of high-quality proteins to humanity (Nash, 2010; Gui et al., 2018). As the global population expands, the challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation are becoming increasingly pronounced. Land resources are needed to cater to the demands of societal progress. Consequently, the oceans are emerging as a new frontier for human survival and development, with fish evolving into a vital source of high-quality protein and a fundamental food staple for humanity (Baiden & Bissiri, 2007). Over the past few decades, aquaculture has emerged as the fastest-growing sector within agriculture. Since 2013, its production has surpassed wild fisheries (FAO, 2020). This formidable challenge presents alarming situations, particularly in developing countries where poverty and hunger persist (World Bank, 2014). In such a scenario, fisheries and aquaculture are expected to play a vital role in ensuring nutritional security (Subasinghe, 2014). Fish is a significant component of the human diet, providing roughly 20% of animal protein globally (Thorpe et al., 2006). On one hand, it serves as a healthy food option for the more affluent world due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. On the other hand, small indigenous fishes contribute to the nutrition of populations on the lower end of the socioeconomic scale, offering proteins, oils, vitamins, minerals, and other benefits (Mohanty et al., 2010). Fisheries and aquaculture are crucial in enhancing food security and livelihoods worldwide. The aquaculture sector has gained remarkable momentum, registering an impressive annual growth rate of 7%, while fish products account for more than 37% of internationally traded food production by volume. The fisheries and aquaculture industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors globally (Tacon, 2023). It has been pivotal in advancing economic development, contributing significantly to food and nutritional security, bolstering national income, creating employment opportunities, and generating livelihoods (Kumar & Shivani, 2014). This industry serves as the primary source of animal protein for billions of people worldwide, with both capture fishery and aquaculture playing a vital role in supporting the livelihoods of over 10% of the global population (Anonymous, 2020). The 2022 State of Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) report showcased a remarkable pinnacle in global fisheries and aquaculture production, hitting 214 million tons in 2020. This surge was primarily fueled by significant growth in Asian aquaculture, encompassing 178 million tons of aquatic animals and 36 million tons of algae. Aquatic animal production notably exceeded averages from previous decades, skyrocketing by 30%, primarily attributed to a substantial increase in aquaculture output, soaring to 87.5 million tons. However, this rapid expansion in the sector necessitates pivotal, transformative changes for a more sustainable, inclusive, and equitable industry. The focus is on ensuring sustainable harvesting, safeguarding livelihoods, and preserving aquatic habitats and biodiversity. A significant portion of the 157 million tons of aquatic animal production was directly consumed by humans, substantially contributing to global animal protein consumption. In 2020, Asian nations took the lead in global fisheries and aquaculture production, accounting for a staggering 70% of aquatic animal production, led primarily by China. The growth trajectory of aquaculture continues to shape the future of aquatic foods, outstripping the growth of capture fisheries. Despite declines in capture fisheries due to the COVID-19 pandemic and natural fluctuations, aquaculture production surged and is forecasted to reach 106 million tons by 2030. This increasing demand is propelled by rising incomes, evolving post-harvest practices, urbanization, and dietary shifts focused on enhanced health and nutrition. These trends signify a substantial transformation in the landscape of global food production, with aquaculture taking center stage in meeting evolving dietary needs and demands. Aquaculture plays a vital role in enhancing productivity, generating income, and improving nutrition by providing a sustainable source of high-quality protein and supporting livelihoods in rural and urban areas. It promotes food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability through efficient resource use and innovative farming practices (Fig. 18.1).