The rapid growth of the world population and demand for sustainable food supply stresses traditional agricultural and animal production to the extreme. In contrast to terrestrial animal husbandry, aquaculture (i.e. production of aquatic species) has grown into a large industry to address this issue. As a result, it provides a promising means of improving the food supply at a smaller environmental cost. Though aquaculture (or the production of aquatic species) is a relative newcomer to the rise of animal husbandry, it is starting to gain popularity in comparison as we are also learning how to nourish these animals with foods other than just their original source, the sea. This has promise as a potential way of increasing food supply, while reducing its environmental effect. Technical solutions to conquer these limitations and realise the full potential of aquaculture must be based on technological advancements in genetic enhancement.