The integration of genomics and nutrigenomics in aquaculture nutrition has opened new frontiers in improving feed efficiency, growth, disease resistance, and sustainability. Genomics provides insights into the genetic makeup of aquatic species, enabling selective breeding programs that enhance desirable traits such as growth rates and disease resistance. Nutrigenomics, on the other hand, explores the interaction between diet and the genome, allowing for the development of species-specific or even strain-specific feed formulations that optimize health and performance. This chapter discusses the role of genomics in identifying genetic markers linked to nutritional traits while also exploring nutrigenomics as a tool for designing precision diets that meet the unique genetic and metabolic needs of different species. Key studies in genomics and nutrigenomics are highlighted, demonstrating how these fields contribute to improved sustainability by optimizing feed ingredients and reducing reliance on marine resources. As genomics and nutrigenomics continue to evolve, they are set to revolutionize aquaculture nutrition, making it more efficient, sustainable, and adaptable to the challenges of modern aquaculture.