Background: Eagle syndrome poses difficulties for both diagnosis and treatment because of its extended styloid process. The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to assess the safety and effectiveness of styloidectomy in the treatment of Eagle syndrome. Methods: We looked for research published between January 1970 and December 2020 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies summarizing the results of styloidectomy for Eagle syndrome were among the qualifying requirements. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. To aggregate the proportions of symptom remission and complication rates, a random-effect meta-analysis was conducted. Results: Thirty-seven studies (862 patients) met inclusion criteria. A total of 78.6% (95% CI, 75.8–81.4%) of the patients had complete symptom relief, while 15.3% (95% CI, 13.0–17.6%) had partial improvement. Of the patients, 12.4% (95% CI, 10.3–14.5%) experienced transient issues, while 0.7% (95% CI, 0.2–1.2%) experienced definitive difficulties. Transoral and transcervical methods did not significantly vary in terms of efficacy (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89–1.41; P = 0.33) or complication rates (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.61–1.18, P = 0.33). Conclusion: Styloidectomy seems to be a safe and successful treatment for Eagle syndrome, with a high success rate in relieving symptoms and a low chance of long-term consequences. Comparable results are shown by transoral and transcervical methods. But careful interpretation is required due to the bias potential and the prevalence of retrospective studies. Further high-quality prospective investigations are required to validate these results and improve the criteria for patient selection.