With the evolution of different additive manufacturing (AM) methods, it has become feasible to manufacture different types of parts, with complex geometries and different materials. For the manufacture of large metal parts, the process that stands out is the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), as it has high deposition rates, capacity to produce parts with different metal alloys and lower costs when compared to other AM deposition processes. WAAM parts, however, usually presents high roughness values and surface deviations, requiring post-processing operations. Among the post-processing methodologies, machining stands out in achieving specified shapes, dimensions and good finishing quality. Nevertheless, due to the non-homogeneous characteristics of the parts manufactured by WAAM, the cut can be hindered, and defects may occur during machining. In this sense, it is important to carefully analyze the surface and to differentiate machining from deposition irregularities on the surface. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to the surface evaluation of WAAM parts after the milling process. To aid in the visualization, the image was treated and converted into a heat map using open-source software Octave. This feature allows the transformation of the 2D image into a 3D topography, accentuating the surface characteristics. After evaluating the image and the generated topography, it is concluded that the combined use of the features favors a better surface topography evaluation of machined parts produced by WAAM.

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Application of Heat Map as Imaging Treatment to Enhance Surface Characteristics Visualization and Analysis for Milled Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing Parts

  • Eduardo Neves Mota,
  • Maksym Ziberov,
  • Raphael Lima de Paiva,
  • Déborah de Oliveira

摘要

With the evolution of different additive manufacturing (AM) methods, it has become feasible to manufacture different types of parts, with complex geometries and different materials. For the manufacture of large metal parts, the process that stands out is the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), as it has high deposition rates, capacity to produce parts with different metal alloys and lower costs when compared to other AM deposition processes. WAAM parts, however, usually presents high roughness values and surface deviations, requiring post-processing operations. Among the post-processing methodologies, machining stands out in achieving specified shapes, dimensions and good finishing quality. Nevertheless, due to the non-homogeneous characteristics of the parts manufactured by WAAM, the cut can be hindered, and defects may occur during machining. In this sense, it is important to carefully analyze the surface and to differentiate machining from deposition irregularities on the surface. Therefore, this work aims to contribute to the surface evaluation of WAAM parts after the milling process. To aid in the visualization, the image was treated and converted into a heat map using open-source software Octave. This feature allows the transformation of the 2D image into a 3D topography, accentuating the surface characteristics. After evaluating the image and the generated topography, it is concluded that the combined use of the features favors a better surface topography evaluation of machined parts produced by WAAM.