Background: The breast surgical approach with aesthetic or reconstructive objectives is currently the most frequently performed plastic surgery procedure. Because it is a widely practiced surgical procedure, the number of complications has increased; thus, the application of proper surgical techniques and the early resolution of such complications are very important to obtaining satisfactory results. The goal of this chapter is to review the more frequent complications of each mammoplasty procedure and their treatment. Method: The authors performed a review of the literature, using electronic searches such as MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIELO, and keywords in the published literature. Results: Currently, little detailed information exists in the literature on the complications of each mammoplasty procedure that hinder their knowledge and therapeutic approach. Conclusions: The recognition and early treatment of complications in breast surgery are essential to achieve satisfactory postoperative outcomes.