Secondary Mastoplasty for Repair of Unfavorable Results
摘要
Secondary mastoplasty has seldom been discussed in the literature, but the basic support for the reparation of unsatisfactory results is adequate surgical evaluation. Careful analysis of both breasts is a mandatory step before surgical planning. The decision on the procedure must be made after a good understanding between the surgeon and the patient, since she is already frustrated due to the primary operation. It is cautioning about the potential risks and possible adverse outcomes due to the peculiarity of each deformity. The surgeon must evaluate the presence of scars, the position of the nipple-areolar complex, and the symmetry of the breasts, as well as all the unaesthetic aspects of the previous operations. When a patient has already undergone more than one surgery, it means that she is too much frustrated and unpleasant with breast operation. Certainly the problem for her is even more serious since she may have several friends who underwent reduction mastoplasty and achieved very pleasant results. The most frequent situation is the unaesthetic position of the nipple-areola complex, which is in too high a location. The cutaneous-adipose-glandular flap is a useful procedure since it replaces the empty space on the upper pole of the breast where it is missing the mammary gland. In fact, in most patients, the upper pole of the breast is flat, which is the main complaint.