This chapter addresses online contexts, social media, digital multilingualism, translation and non-translation as these intersect with concepts and ideologies associated with modernity. More specifically, I use modernity and modernization as lenses to examine instances of non-translation in online and digital contexts. Non-translation, as I define it in this chapter, is a form of motivated and intentional decision-making that either limits, constrains, erases, and/or invisibilizes online multilingualism and translation usually in service of corporate profit or efficiency. Translation, in all its forms (localization, machine translation, etc.), can often be a point of friction in fast-paced arenas, so its absence usually signals a set of corporate priorities that are worth analyzing. Further, such non-translation can (re)create communicational and linguistic asymmetries in online and digital contexts that are not dissimilar to colonizing projects that have occurred over history in offline settings. To illustrate different manifestations of non-translation, I use key examples from the tech sector, including operating system updates, the addition of multilingual features on popular social media platforms, online content moderation (ghost work), and machine translation/AI translation. Finally, using an example from my own freelance practice, I invite readers to think about the ways in which human translation remains valuable (beyond profit) in creative spaces, like the creator economy.