Brazil’s recent socioeconomic development has led to a steady increase in energy needs, primarily driven by the growing demand from the residential sector. While hydropower plays a substantial role in Brazil's energy mix, fossil fuel-based thermoelectric plants are often used to meet this rising demand. Although residential buildings represent a small fraction of the global carbon footprint, their long lifecycles and high energy consumption make them important contributors to global warming and climate change. Thus, in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Brazil’s commitments under international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, it is essential to enhance research on comfortable, energy-efficient housing. This paper reviews recent literature to identify key aspects, the current situation, and future perspectives of low-carbon housing in Brazil. Various articles were analyzed from databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journal Portal. Most research focuses on strategies for improving energy efficiency in housing design and construction, emphasizing thermal insulation, sustainable materials, natural ventilation, and renewable energy sources. Financial concerns present a significant challenge, as enhancing energy performance typically raises initial costs. Additionally, governmental, political, and regulatory issues are frequently cited as obstacles, highlighting the crucial role of public policies in promoting low-carbon housing. With advancements in technology and stronger public policies, low-carbon housing can play a vital role in mitigating climate change and facilitating the transition to a more sustainable society.