Instrumental seismological observations in Crimea began immediately after the devastating Yalta earthquakes of 1927. It was discovered that a vast majority of earthquake epicenters are located in the Black Sea, where more than a hundred earthquakes with magnitudes from 5 to 9 on the Richter scale were observed. They are to the south of the Crimean PeninsulaCrimean Peninsula and spatially coincide with the steep continental slope. The latter is a large deep fault where modern vertical movements with opposite sign are concentrated. They go unevenly and are accompanied by earthquakes. Along the fault, the modern relative movements of the Earth’s crust incorporate the rise of the Crimean Mountains and the lowering of the Black Sea bottom. The vertical component is expressed by 3.6 km difference in the modern relief from the highest point of Crimea to the sea bottom. Within the Crimean-Caucasian seismogenic bandCrimean-Caucasian seismogenic band, two main zones of clustered earthquake sources are of principal interest. These are seismically active zones with different types of earthquake sources: Kerch-Taman, plunging northward at an angle of ~30°, and South-shore (or Yalta-Alushta), gently inclined to the southeast at an angle of ~18°. The latter should be considered the most seismically active, in which the strongest earthquakes in Crimea of the twentieth century occurred in 1927.