Given the escalating frequency and severity of natural disasters and the ongoing refugee crisis, innovative and resilient shelter solutions are urgently needed. Hundreds of millions worldwide are affected by natural disasters annually, exacerbated by climate change. Additionally, millions seek refuge from conflict, persecution, and economic hardship. Temporary shelters in post-disaster scenarios must be rapidly deployable, cost-effective, and adaptable to diverse environments. A design framework, prioritizing the optimized and sustainable use of building materials, is proposed to address these challenges and align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Earthen construction offers a promising alternative to traditional temporary shelters such as shipping containers, and prefabricated structures. It provides a range of environmental, social, economic, and technical benefits, making it a sustainable and durable choice for emergency housing. A comparative study, examining the semi temporary adobe brick housing for refugees in Greece after the Asia Minor Catastrophe, and will assess the effectiveness of earthen shelters in practice. The findings aim to inform future emergency shelter initiatives and promote sustainable, resilient, and inclusive housing solutions.