With the ever-evolving demands for lightweight yet robust materials in the aerospace industry, Fibre reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have emerged as a pivotal class of materials offering an optimal combination of strength, durability, and weight efficiency. Understanding the fundamental aspects of FRPs is becoming increasingly important for engineers and researchers, aiming to bring value to the evolution of lightweight and durable materials for aerospace applications as the industry continues to push the boundaries of innovation. This chapter offers a thorough introduction to the use of FRPs in the field of aeronautical and aerospace applications. The introductory overview delves into the fundamental characteristics of polymers and composites, highlighting the distinctive characteristics which render them desirable for aeronautical engineering. Furthermore, the paper explores how fibre reinforcement in enhancing the mechanical characteristics of polymers, key manufacturing processes employed in fabricating fibre-reinforced polymer composites for specific aerospace needs. The chapter concludes with a glimpse into the ongoing advancements and future prospects of fibre-reinforced polymers in aeronautics and aerospace.