Related to the project of the fully enclosed noise barrier of Beijing-Xiong’an intercity high-speed railway, the fluctuating wind pressure, structural dynamic response, and structural fatigue performance of the train passing at 350 km/h were studied. Based on the computational fluid dynamics analysis method, the finite element flow field model and the train and the noise barrier structure model were established. The fluctuating wind pressure on the wall surface of the noise barrier and the time-history dynamic response of the noise barrier unit plate and the steel arch were analyzed. The results show that the maximum stress position of the noise barrier appears near the column base. The 1:1 full-scale boot steel column base specimen and concrete pedestal were designed and manufactured, and 4 million fatigue loading tests were carried out on the members under the most unfavorable design load conditions. The displacement and stress time-history curves of steel column foot, concrete, and bolt under various cyclic loading were obtained. A high-accuracy finite element model of the noise barrier column base was established, and different stress fields and corresponding fatigue load spectra were introduced for fatigue analysis. Depending on the fatigue test results and finite element analysis, the structural safety was verified.