Interventional radiology is a rapidly advancing medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and guide minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, from vascular disease to oncological malignancies. Specialized interventional radiologists perform well-defined treatments with inherent lower risk, reduced recovery times, and minimal discomfort compared to traditional surgery. These treatment options have become an essential alternative in multidisciplinary toolboxes. As this field is in continuous evolution, the role of interventional radiology is expanding, with safer and more efficient treatment options aimed at significantly improving healthcare outcomes. The focus of this chapter will be on the most common interventional techniques in the management of patients with acute and chronic renal failure, in particular percutaneous nephrostomy, arteriovenous fistula management, and renal artery stenosis treatment.