The space industry has the potential to generate growth and economic development, as well as contribute to the solution of problems worldwide; in recent years it has had unprecedented growth, its exploration ranges from academic and research purposes to the search for new business models such as obtaining resources or space tourism. Among its particular characteristics are the development and adoption of high-tech goods, including those associated with artificial intelligence (AI); which can encourage the development of industry in developing countries. For the Mexican context, the adoption of AI in the space industry can favor the fulfillment of the objectives proposed in the National Program of Space Activities 2020–2024 of the Mexican Space Agency as well as benefit other sectors such as construction, tourism and agribusiness. Therefore, the objectives of this research are introduced in Part 1, which are to identify the main applications of AI in the space sector, as well as its contribution to the fulfillment of the National Program of Space Activities 2020–2024 of the Mexican Space Agency. To this end, Part 2 briefly presents the contributions of the theory of economic change, whose main contribution is the use of technology to improve production processes and generate growth and economic development. Part 3 defines, what AI is and, describes some of its components. General space sector applications are addressed, thus leading to reflect viable aspects which impact Mexico and its National Program of Space Activities 2020–2024. In Part 4, a literature review is carried out and the information obtained through the creation of knowledge networks are analyzed, then, secondary sources of information were consulted to identify technological trends associated with AI that impact the space sector and that can also be used in the Mexican case, especially in sectors such as tourism, agro-industrial, manufacturing and construction. Finally, some conclusions are presented.