Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous material, is produced when organic biomass is pyrolysed. A sustainable solution for the management of illness and waste is the production of biochar. Due to the fact that it includes 50% of the original carbon, which is incredibly refractory, its synthesis aids in carbon sequestration by storing the carbon already present in plant biomass. When determining the basic properties of biochar and forecasting the numerous applications uses, both physical and chemical characterizations are required. Biochar is made from a variety of biomass with various chemical and physical properties, resulting in a wide range of compounds with various properties. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil rise with the addition of biochar. The ash residue contains mostly silica, heavy metals, organic and inorganic nitrogen, and carbonates of alkaline and alkaline earth metals, suggesting that this may be the case. To assess the fundamental properties of biochar and determine its multiple application uses, physical and chemical characterizations are needed. Application of biochar improves soil fertility and quality by boosting soil pH, improving moisture retention, attracting more beneficial fungi and microorganisms, promoting cation exchange capacity, and preserving nutrients in the soil. This section of the book will go over the various physical and chemical properties of biochar as well as how they change depending on the feedstock.