Biochar, a by product of pyrolysis, is widely recognized for its potential to enhance soil health, boost fertility, and aid carbon sequestration. However, the environmental impact of its production, particularly the carbon dioxide emissions and thermal energy generated during pyrolysis, remains uncertain. Research into the effectiveness of biochar in mitigating climate change and improving soil fertility, especially in alkaline soils, is needed. Additionally, studies must address the interaction between biochar’s properties and its role in nutrient delivery, microbial activity, and adsorption of pollutants. Future research should focus on optimizing pyrolysis conditions, understanding the relationship between biochar's physicochemical properties and its environmental applications, and exploring innovative modification techniques.