Confocal microscope: A diaphragm known as a pinhole is the heart of this microscope, and its function is to block out-of-focus optical planes. This ability to generate optical sectioning allows for the capture of images plane by plane so that when they are joined together, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the sample can be achieved. Another characteristic that distinguishes this equipment is its light source, which uses monochromatic light with high energy, high directionality, low dispersion, and high coherence—laser light. The reading of the sample in a point-by-point fashion is carried out by galvanometer mirrors, two units responsible for directing the laser light at high speed along the X- and Y-axes. The interaction between the laser and the fluorochromes present in the sample produces fluorescence, and this light has the characteristic of being of low intensity. Therefore, to make it visible to the human eye, a system is needed to amplify this light, a function carried out by an element called a photomultiplier. Together, the laser light, pinhole, galvanometer mirrors, and photomultiplier, among other elements, allow the confocal microscope to generate high-contrast images with a resolution of around 200 nm.