There is widespread concern about the accumulation of microplastics, which are microscopic plastic particles less than 1 mm in marine ecosystems. While their presence in many marine settings is well documented, it is uncertain if they are found in deep-sea sediments. Recent research, however, has shown that microplastic pollution exists everywhere on Earth, including in remote and unexplored deep-sea strata. These minute plastic bits, which result from the widespread use of plastic, pose a risk because marine organisms may swallow them and suffer unfavourable health consequences. This chapter goes into detail of the genesis, distribution, and environmental impacts of microplastics. It investigates the channels by which microplastics enter aquatic environments, identifying the mechanisms involved in their transport and breakdown. According to the findings, the majority of microplastics eventually degrade into smaller particles that fall to the ocean floor. The chapter also investigates microplastics’ role as transporters of toxins and bacteria, as well as their impact on aquatic life when combined with other pollutants. To better understand how microplastics influence higher-level organisms, the transit of microplastics through the food chain is studied. Although their implications are yet unknown because to their diverse physical and chemical properties, microplastics have been seen as signs of a new era known as the “Plasticene” due to their ubiquitous distribution. These particles, which serve as transporters for poisonous substances, also include a cocktail of hazardous chemicals that were purposely added during manufacturing. The purpose of this chapter is to identify and grasp these hazardous compounds, their fate after disposal, and the possible impacts on human health when associated with micro- and nanoplastics. The objective of this chapter is to analyse available data on exposure routes and potential risks to human health in order to guide future research and address knowledge gaps in this critical field.