A novel class of environmental contaminants, known as microplastics (MPs), have emerged as a result of increased plastics manufacture and usage. MPs are less than 5 mm-sized plastic fragments that come from both primary and secondary sources. Despite the fact that secondary MPs are shaped when bigger particles are fragmented and MP size range is where initial MPs are formed. Though MP pollution is a worldwide issue, India has little research on it. This chapter’s objective is to provide the latest information about MP contamination in Indian soil, rivers, and the atmosphere. In order to support the objectives of emerging pollutant management, it evaluates the body of scientific knowledge that is currently accessible, finds gaps, and indicates future research paths. In order to further enhance the management of MP in Indian contexts, the assessment also suggests areas for improvement and offers future research topics.