Geography and crime are based on the spatial concept and Tobler’s first law (TFL) of geography. The research and application is inherently collaborative and involves geographers, sociologists, criminologists, planners, and others. The advent of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other analytical and mapping software since the late 1980s made spatial crime analysis available to a much larger group of users. This allowed the development of new research areas including crime hotspot mapping, criminal geographic profiling (CGP), and criminal forecasting, among others.