This contribution investigates the transformation of the state policy in the field of training young personnel for the Russian industry. Using a survey of 304 industrial enterprises, conducted by the author as part of a research team, the key needs for personnel were identified, the quality of graduate training was assessed and proposals for improving the system were developed. The author analyzes the main areas of transformation of the state personnel policy in the field of training young specialists for the Russian industry. Based on the structured questionnaires and interviews of industrial enterprises, key problems and proposals for reforming the system were identified. The results of the survey show the need to revive industry training, strengthen ties between science and industry, establish target figures for admission to popular specialties, increase budget places in priority areas and actively develop targeted training aimed at meeting the needs of specific enterprises. The work emphasizes the need for a flexible, adaptive and market-oriented system of personnel training for the successful development of the Russian industry.