The morphology of the hand is adapted to its complex function. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the joints, tendons, aponeuroses, neurovascular systems, and skin is key for a good management of hand injuries and disorders. We will describe the osseous and capsulo-ligamentous anatomy of the hand, as well as the medium palmar and digital aponeuroses. We will then detail the anatomy and physiology of the extensor and flexor systems, regarding topography, nutrition, and biomechanics, before moving on to the innervation and vascularization of the hand—anatomy of the median, radial, and ulnar nerve, and palmar and dorsal vascularization systems. We will end with the specificities of the palmar and dorsal skin, as the hand’s skin has very specific characteristics making the hand a functional and social tool. All these elements work in synergy for the functionality of the hand. The modification of its architecture that can happen after many types of injuries can have important functional consequences, regarding thumb opposition and grips, impacting the whole functionality of the hand.