Blood is the foundation of life, yet women, who are the carriers and guardians of new generations, have a different relationship with blood than men. The villi of the embryo are like roots, eager for oxygen and nutrients captured from the maternal blood and transferred to the fetus through the umbilical cord. Despite the vital relationship between women and blood, this has been a source of prejudice and discrimination. Considering menstruation, in the Bible, the term ‘impurity’ is used, and it is emphasized that women should not touch anything during their periods. Aristotle indicated that menstruation was evidence of a woman’s inferiority. For centuries, post-partum hemorrhages were associated with a very high mortality rate and even today, are the cause of 2/3 of hysterectomies.

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Women, Blood, and Prejudices

  • Guglielmo Mariani,
  • Peter Lydyard,
  • Pier Mannuccio Mannucci

摘要

Blood is the foundation of life, yet women, who are the carriers and guardians of new generations, have a different relationship with blood than men. The villi of the embryo are like roots, eager for oxygen and nutrients captured from the maternal blood and transferred to the fetus through the umbilical cord. Despite the vital relationship between women and blood, this has been a source of prejudice and discrimination. Considering menstruation, in the Bible, the term ‘impurity’ is used, and it is emphasized that women should not touch anything during their periods. Aristotle indicated that menstruation was evidence of a woman’s inferiority. For centuries, post-partum hemorrhages were associated with a very high mortality rate and even today, are the cause of 2/3 of hysterectomies.