Neuroplasticity is the capacity of the central nervous system to adapt to external or internal stimuli. It is an important factor that contributes to the successful outcome of nerve transfers. Other well-known factors are the number of axons that cross the coaptation site, the interval between trauma and repair, and age. We review and measure different factors that play a role in neuroplasticity and functional regeneration after specific nerve transfers. These factors include, among others, the distance between cortical areas of the donor and receptor neurons, the presence versus absence of preexisting low-active interneuronal connections, rehabilitation, and, most importantly, age. The potential for plastic adaptation must be taken into account when planning the surgical strategy and postoperative rehabilitation, due to the impact it has on the goals of nerve transfer, especially in regaining volitional control.