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The long thoracic nerve (LTN) is an infrequently utilized collateral brachial plexus (BP) for musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) reinnervation and elbow flexion restoration following partial BP injuries. Compared to more commonly used infraclavicular intraplexal donors such as the medial pectoral nerve (MPN) and thoracodorsal nerve (TDN), the significant disadvantage of LTN usage include donor muscle disfunction, limited axonal supply, prolonged and challenging surgical technique, and often insufficient diameter for total MCN neurotization. The literature is scarce on the outcomes of LTN to MCN transfer and its usage remains controversal. This chapter reviews the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of the LTN use in the MCN reinnervation and discuss the problems and solutions according to our personal experience and review of the literature.

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Long Thoracic Nerve to Musculocutaneous Nerve

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Lukas Rasulic,
  • Miroslav Samardžić

摘要

The long thoracic nerve (LTN) is an infrequently utilized collateral brachial plexus (BP) for musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) reinnervation and elbow flexion restoration following partial BP injuries. Compared to more commonly used infraclavicular intraplexal donors such as the medial pectoral nerve (MPN) and thoracodorsal nerve (TDN), the significant disadvantage of LTN usage include donor muscle disfunction, limited axonal supply, prolonged and challenging surgical technique, and often insufficient diameter for total MCN neurotization. The literature is scarce on the outcomes of LTN to MCN transfer and its usage remains controversal. This chapter reviews the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of the LTN use in the MCN reinnervation and discuss the problems and solutions according to our personal experience and review of the literature.