Climate change, driven by the forces of globalization, continues to intensify, presenting critical challenges that demand immediate attention. The Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 (SDG-2030) outline a vital framework for addressing these issues, particularly focusing on mitigating the impacts of excessive heat and drought. This review delves into the role of global smart materials and intelligent infrastructure in combating climate change, assessing their benefits and drawbacks on human health, agriculture, ecosystems, and economic development. This chapter explores the complex interplay between water scarcity and climate change, detailing how climate variability and extreme weather events exacerbate water stress and disrupt hydrological systems. It critically evaluates current climate mitigation strategies aimed at reducing water scarcity and fostering sustainable water usage, considering elements such as governance, infrastructure, financing, and technological innovations. The review underscores the necessity of international cooperation and partnerships to address transboundary water issues and achieve the objectives set by SDG-2030. This chapter highlights the urgent need for collaborative efforts to combat water scarcity and enhance water management practices in the face of climate change. It provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders, guiding them toward achieving water security and sustainability by 2030 through the adoption of sustainable technologies and intelligent infrastructure.