The phrase “green economy” refers to a number of concepts and has a connection to sustainability. The green economy is an intriguing framework for building more socially inclusive, resource-efficient, carbon-free, and environmentally friendly societies. It reduces environmental dangers and resource consumption while influencing the growth of social fairness and human well-being. New conditions are created to facilitate this transformation by nations who support changing their economies to more environmentally friendly models. The main topics of discussion in this chapter are the definitions of the green economy and other related terms and an assessment of these terms in light of both strong and weak sustainability criteria. The theories, methods, and tools relating to a “green economy” will be identified and described in this chapter. This chapter creates a framework for economic sustainability, demonstrating the ability of green economy concepts, techniques, and instruments. Such a framework can be used as a guide to incorporate many ideas and strategies into a structure that supports the green economy. This chapter identifies current deficiencies to enhance measurement for green economic transformations. It presents four proposals: More affordable, faster, and publicly accessible data for evaluating interactions among the economy, environment, and society.