International Border Interventions: European Externalisation and Border Management Policies
摘要
In this chapter, I explore international border interventions in Lebanon between 2011 and 2022, embedded in a European agenda of externalisation of migratory controls where security threats overlap with migratory concerns. These interventions have focused on the border between Lebanon and Syria—a porous space strongly impacted by the war: “it is in these fluid borderlands that the efforts to bolster Lebanon’s security forces are concentrated, driven by at least three external strategic concerns, and the accompanying global discourses: territorial control, counter-migration and migration pressures” (Tholens, 2017, p. 872). Funds for security cooperation were mainly allocated to reinforcing the land border with Syria, the provision of infrastructure, control equipment and training for the Lebanese Army to undertake border police missions, and in addition, to improve security at Beirut airport and the Port of Tripoli.