The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of productive zakat on the business performance of asnaf entrepreneurs using a before-and-after approach. A before-and-after approach was conducted to assess the impact of productive zakat on the business performance of asnaf entrepreneurs for before and after receiving productive zakat from BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional/The Indonesian National Zakat Board) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study used data of productive zakat recipients which was provided by BAZNAS. BAZNAS used purposive sampling to identify 30 mustahiqs (asnaf entrepreneurs) from whom the primary data were collected in 2020. BAZNAS runs productive and consumptive zakat programs in North Sumatra. However, this study focuses specifically on productive zakat recipients of BAZNAS in 2020. The aim of the productive zakat program is to enhance asnaf entrepreneurs’ business performance. The study found that the marital status and education level of asnaf entrepreneurs have a significantly positive relationship with log changes in business income. Unfortunately, these findings showed that productive zakat does not have a positive impact significantly on the business performance of asnaf entrepreneurs. These findings are expected will be useful for policymakers of BAZNAS to improve the productive zakat program by increasing the amount of productive zakat funding accompanied by training and business skills with the aim to enhance the business performance of the asnaf entrepreneurs.