A substantial body of literature suggests that participation in democracy is unequal, skewed in favor of citizens with higher income, education and wealth. Since the 1970s, the post-industrialization, liberalization and flexibilization of European labor markets have increased social insecurity, widening the political divide between protected insiders and vulnerable outsiders on the job market and creating new forms of poverty and precarity, with significant implications for democracy. The aim of this chapter is to define and map the political consequences of social insecurity, both across Europe and more specifically in France. The first part of the chapter defines and maps the various forms of social insecurity across Europe. Examining the ways in which groups on the social periphery are structurally affected by economic decline and thus directly or indirectly exposed to a series of social risks, it illustrates how this leads to different forms of social and political exclusion as well as to the rise of radical right populism. The second part zooms into the case of the French 2022 presidential elections in order to show empirically the conditions under which social insecurity, and more specifically “precariousness” as defined by French sociologist Robert Castel, can breed political disaffection, anti-system sentiments, and support for radical right populism, thus weakening democratic integration.