Oil has played a transformative role in shaping cultural, social, and artistic landscapes across the globe. Its discovery and exploitation have fueled economic growth and profoundly influenced how communities perceive and engage with their environments. This section explores the multifaceted dimensions of oil’s cultural and social heritage, focusing on its impact on art, society, and industrial landscapes. These chapters show how oil has changed people’s lives, identities, and creative expressions while creating moral, environmental, and social problems.