Adolescent sleep is influenced by a myriad of biological, developmental, and behavioral factors. Many adolescents experience a circadian phase delay, which shifts natural sleep and wake times later and often causes discordance with early school start times or other daytime commitments. Changes in sleep architecture, like reduced slow-wave sleep, may have deleterious effects on memory, growth, and emotional regulation. Most adolescents do not get the recommended 8–10 hours of sleep per night, which can lead to mood disturbances, poor academic performance, and risk-taking behaviors. Other common sleep disorders, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias, may present as comorbid conditions that further disrupt sleep. Evaluating and addressing sleep disturbances in this population is an integral component of their general care for optimal physical and mental health.