The production of biochar is achieved through the pyrolysis of biological waste. Due to its distinctive chemical composition and pore structure, biochar exhibits a high adsorption capacity in environmental remediation, effectively removing organic pollutants and heavy metals. This paper presents a review of the characteristics, preparation, and application of biochar in the environmental field, with a particular focus on its use in pollution control. This paper reviews the functional mechanisms of biochar, including adsorption, catalytic conversion, and the promotion of biodegradation. The potential and value of biochar in the field of environmental protection are emphasized, and new ideas are provided for the advancement of technology, research and development, and the resolution of environmental issues. This paper also puts forward the shortcomings of biochar in the application process and the future improvement direction and looks forward to the practical application of biochar.