This paper will analyze the environmental impacts of the NEOM project in Saudi Arabia, with a particular focus on desertification and its implications for human geography and culture in the region. The discussion will examine the environmental dynamics that characterize the Saudi desert and investigate the climate change mitigation strategies adopted in the context of the project. Furthermore, the role of human geography and culture in shaping and adapting to these environmental challenges will be explored, identifying opportunities and obstacles arising from this intersection. The objective of the presentation is to contribute to the understanding of the complex interaction between environment, society and culture in desert contexts such as Saudi Arabia, providing insights for future research and intervention strategies.