Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, affecting nearly one-third of adults. It arises when the brain’s delicate regulation of the sleep–wake cycle becomes disrupted. This persistent struggle with sleep manifests differently among individuals—some lie awake for hours unable to fall asleep, others wake repeatedly throughout the night, and some experience early morning awakenings. Its underlying causes include stress, irregular sleep schedules, hormonal fluctuations, and behavioral factors. While short-term insomnia often resolves spontaneously, about 20% of cases become chronic, persisting 3 months or longer. Modern treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, lifestyle modification, and carefully managed medications—often used in combination to address both symptoms and root causes through a personalized approach.