Sleep medicine is increasingly shifting toward personalized approaches, as research reveals that sleep patterns, circadian rhythms, and responses to treatment vary significantly between individuals. From genetic differences that affect the metabolism of drugs to natural variations in biological clock timing, each person’s sleep needs require a tailored approach. Scientists can now measure individual melatonin release timing and identify genetic factors that influence how quickly someone metabolizes sleep medications. Even people with the same diagnosis, such as insomnia, may need different treatments based on underlying causes such as anxiety, irregular work schedules, or differences in chronotype (“early bird” versus “night owl”). This personalized approach to sleep medicine, considering each person’s unique biology and lifestyle, leads to more effective treatments and better patient engagement.