Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is opening new opportunities for industry with its ability to produce lighter components more efficiently, at lower cost and in less time. In aerospace, and particularly in space applications, AM technology has great potential to improve mission capabilities. This paper is a discussion of the unique opportunities and challenges associated with the application of AM technology in the space domain. The main considerations are focused on the rigorous certification and qualification processes for the AM technology in order to meet the stringent safety and reliability standards. There is also the challenge of formulating innovative design strategies to take advantage of the benefits that AM technology can offer. There is also the challenge of selecting materials that can withstand the harsh environment of space, including the extreme temperatures, radiation and vacuum conditions. By meeting these requirements, AM technology can play a key role in driving innovation and space exploration.