Modern survey-comparative navigation systems provide an integrated representation of the complete set of navigation data, interact with onboard navigation computers, correct other navigation systems, and serve as a crucial informational link in the “Human-Machine” system. Automatic survey-comparative navigation systems based on laser three-dimensional primary information sensors are autonomous and promising for use in modern aircraft. The implementation of survey-comparative navigation methods involves the task of recognizing ground landmarks, comparing them with reference landmarks with known positions, and establishing the coordinates of the aircraft relative to these landmarks. Therefore, the article explores the topic of determining the geometric characteristics of spatial objects based on the analysis of their three-dimensional images obtained by Light Identification, Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). Processing three-dimensional LIDAR images allows for determining the geometric dimensions and spatial structure of simple and complex volumetric landmarks, which is sufficient for solving the tasks of ground landmark recognition and the implementation of survey-comparative navigation methods.