Heatwaves pose a threat to wetlands, which are important ecosystems that offer essential functions like carbon sequestration, water filtration, and habitats for a variety of species. Because of their sensitivity to temperature changes, these wetlands are at risk of biodiversity loss as heatwaves become more frequent and upset their delicate equilibrium. This may result in local extinctions, disturbed migration patterns, and altered habitats. The consequences extend beyond wetlands, impacting human livelihoods in agriculture, fishing, and tourism, with potential economic losses from declining fish populations, lower crop yields, and reduced tourism revenue. Heatwaves also reduce wetlands’ resilience to other environmental stresses and disrupt hydrology and nutrient cycling, further degrading water quality and ecosystem function. This chapter examines the impacts of heatwaves on wetland ecosystems, including changes in species composition, population dynamics, and ecosystem functions, as well as the effects on human economies and ways of life. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect these vital ecosystems and their services.