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This study assessed the impact of urbanization on evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation health in Assam, India, with a focus on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Using MODIS satellite data from 2019 to 2023, the analysis examined trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ET across various districts. The findings revealed a stable mean NDVI of 0.65–0.66 and a consistent mean ET of around 206 kg/m2, indicating ecological stability. However, localized stresses were observed, particularly in urbanized areas like Kamrup Metropolitan, where NDVI values were significantly lower due to urban sprawl. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.026) was identified between NDVI and ET, suggesting that increased vegetation cover enhanced ET rates, helping to mitigate UHI effects. Districts with dense vegetation, such as Dima Hasao and Karimganj, exhibited higher NDVI values, while urban centers faced environmental pressures, leading to reduced vegetation health. The UHI analysis revealed significant temperature differences between urban and rural areas, with Kamrup Metropolitan showing a pronounced UHI intensity of 14.37 ℃, and other centers like Dhubri and Barpeta also experiencing substantial heat retention. These results highlighted the need for climate-responsive urban planning to mitigate UHI effects and ensure environmental resilience in Assam’s rapidly urbanizing regions.

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A Time Series Satellite-Based Assessment of Vegetation Health and Urban Heat Island Effect in Assam for Sustainable Land and Water Management

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Arnob Bormudoi,
  • Gilbert Hinge

摘要

This study assessed the impact of urbanization on evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetation health in Assam, India, with a focus on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Using MODIS satellite data from 2019 to 2023, the analysis examined trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ET across various districts. The findings revealed a stable mean NDVI of 0.65–0.66 and a consistent mean ET of around 206 kg/m2, indicating ecological stability. However, localized stresses were observed, particularly in urbanized areas like Kamrup Metropolitan, where NDVI values were significantly lower due to urban sprawl. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.026) was identified between NDVI and ET, suggesting that increased vegetation cover enhanced ET rates, helping to mitigate UHI effects. Districts with dense vegetation, such as Dima Hasao and Karimganj, exhibited higher NDVI values, while urban centers faced environmental pressures, leading to reduced vegetation health. The UHI analysis revealed significant temperature differences between urban and rural areas, with Kamrup Metropolitan showing a pronounced UHI intensity of 14.37 ℃, and other centers like Dhubri and Barpeta also experiencing substantial heat retention. These results highlighted the need for climate-responsive urban planning to mitigate UHI effects and ensure environmental resilience in Assam’s rapidly urbanizing regions.