Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising field with the potential to completely reinvent medical treatments and therapies for various diseases and conditions. Nevertheless, with the industry’s progress, it is becoming increasingly evident that prioritizing sustainable materials is essential to speed up translation into the market/clinics. Sustainability and biomaterials complement each other, supporting the development of new sustainable materials through advanced technological processes. These biomaterials, either extracted from biological resources or produced using green technology, are drawing the attention of tissue engineering. Herein, we provide a thorough overview of the sustainable natural and synthetic biomaterials utilized in tissue engineering, focusing on the procedures used to extract and produce these materials and their characteristics and structures. Additionally, it explores how these materials are employed in the biomedical field, especially for tissue engineering applications. Essential insights for current research and development in tissue engineering by combining advances in sustainable material science with biological information are also provided. The ultimate goal is to contribute to creating innovative, effective, and durable sustainable biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.