Polymeric materials, which are used in many areas in our daily lives, have the potential to have negative impacts on the environment throughout their life cycle, including resource depletion, non-renewability, and solid waste generation. Therefore, it is important to identify sustainable ways and methods. Biopolymers, which are in the class of polymers and are of biological origin, as can be understood from the bio suffix in the name, have an important place among the materials evaluated with a sustainability approach. Researchers and professionals across a wide range of disciplines are very interested in biopolymers because they represent a leading class of functional materials appropriate for high-value applications. Interdisciplinary research is important to understand the fundamental and applied aspects of biopolymers to address various complex issues related to health and well-being. In order to reduce environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels, much effort has been made to replace synthetic polymers with biodegradable materials, especially those derived from natural resources. In this context, many types of biopolymers have been developed to meet the needs of ever-expanding applications. These biopolymers are used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries and are expanding their use day by day due to their unique properties. This chapter focuses on the various uses of biopolymers in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries and provides a future outlook for the biopolymer industry.