The chapter addresses the analysis and documentation of psychosocial impacts in cases of violence and serious human rights violations from a psychosocial perspective. It discusses the complexity of these events and the need for a comprehensive approach that considers the socio-political, historical, and cultural context. The text critiques traditional approaches based on categories such as trauma and damage centered on clinical diagnoses, arguing that they decontextualize experiences of human suffering. The chapter proposes concepts such as “psychosocial trauma” and “sociogenesis of damage” that emphasize the social and political nature of these experiences. The importance of de-privatizing and de-pathologizing damage is highlighted, recognizing its collective dimension and the structural conditions that generate it. The authors discuss the crucial need to understand the impacts of violence and human rights violations beyond the individual level, considering family, community, and social dimensions and the effects of impunity itself. The forms of coping and resistance of victims are also addressed, crucial elements that must be recognized in any psychosocial accompaniment process. The chapter underscores the importance of rigorous and ethical documentation of these impacts, serving as a tool for pursuing justice, truth, and reparation of harm caused by human rights violations, avoiding revictimizing practices.