Green infrastructure of modern cities is an integral part of the anthropogenic environment, which, having moved away from its natural counterpart, has preserved some of its features. The purpose of the study is to assess spatial distribution of green infrastructure elements in small and large cities and determine its composition for the improvement of the urban environment. Methods: a combination of field study of the biological diversity of the floristic composition and analysis of multispectral images in Band 4 (RED) and Band 5 (NIR) of the Landsat 8 satellite to determine the normalized vegetation index (NDVI). Results: based on natural studies, we determined the distribution areas of the main components of the urban flora and their species composition. The calculation of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) indicates a low density of green infrastructure, and the visualization of the data gives us an opportunity to identify problematic areas of the city, where there is a need for technical measures for the arrangement of green infrastructure facilities or measures to support existing vegetation. Conclusions: large cities, such as Kharkiv, unlike small cities (Chuguiiv), have few zones with a high NDVI coefficient, indicating insufficient vegetation cover. They require the introduction of additional elements of green infrastructure. The study has identified plant species that are promising for urban greening. Zonal vegetation is the most promising, as it is more resistant to anthropogenic stress. The paper states that despite synanthropization and anthropogenic transformation of the studied flora, the suburbs of Kharkiv and Chuguiiv still have fragments of semi-natural and natural vegetation, which are centers of the greatest biodiversity of the urban flora of the city.