Oases, particularly mountain oases, are located in fragile environments and play a crucial role in the agricultural and pastoral livelihoods of local communities. However, there is limited research on how local people manage and utilize the resources of the high-altitude oases, as well as on how their traditional practices, experiences, and beliefs influence the resilience and biodiversity of these oases. This study presents a case study that integrates ethnobotanical and ecological investigations, highlighting the importance of traditional management practices of local communities in the sustainable management and utilization of high-altitude oasis agricultural systems. As a result, 74 plant species grown in the farmland and the surrounding environment were documented. Of these, 72 were herbs, and 44 were utilized by local Tibetan people. And 16 plant species grow in the surrounding environment, 67 plant species were found in farmland. The EI value of farmland is larger than the surrounding environment. The farmland weeds grow in mountain oases providing diverse functions and products for the Tibetan people. The Tibetan people also keep the farmland weeds intentionally using traditional practices. Therefore, it is important to include the diverse traditional knowledge of the Belt and Road region.